The following factors were included as covariates for potential confounders or risk factors: sex (male or female), grade (7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, or 12th), academic performance (high, middle, or low), area of residence (metropolitan, urban, or rural), residence type (living with or without family), economic status (high, middle, or low), subjective health condition (healthy, normal, or unhealthy), physical activity over 1 h and five times per week (yes or no), drinking experience (yes or no), smoking status (never, ex-smoker, or current smoker), sleep satisfaction (satisfied, regular, or unsatisfied), stress perception (high, middle, or low), depressive symptoms in the past 12 months (yes or no), and year (2020, 2021, 2022, or 2023)
Vaporizers heat e-liquids containing thickening agents like vitamin E acetate, which can lodge deep in lung tissue and damage airways
BIR, DTI step up battle vs illicit tobacco traders MANILA, Philippines The Department of Finance (DOF) has directed the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) to work closely with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in curbing a new scheme perpetrated by illegal tobacco traders involving the suspected use of recycled tax stamps on fake cigarettes
NPR: More than 2 million high school and middle students reported using e-cigarettes in 2021